A Critical Note on New Historicism Essay - 2751 Words

Introduction: The records of literary criticism and theory are almost as old as literature itself. As known, literary criticism is a sort of mental exercise of evaluating, classifying, analyzing, interpreting, judging, and valuing the literary art. This indicates that criticism also includes creative skill to comprehend the literary artist’s work first, and then put forward one’s valid view. In this sense, it is really ‘meta-literature’. The world’s successful critics and theorists are only the renowned literary figures. As Ben Jonson says that â€Å" To judge of poet is only the faculty of poets†. This means that only a writer can understand the mysteries and mental regions of his/her fellow writers and can respond them aptly and effectively.†¦show more content†¦Horace, Quintillian and Longinus are the authentic and penetrating critics of this period. Horace’s Ars Poetica and Longinus’s On Sublime like Aristotleâ€℠¢s Poetics have proved as torch bearers, and their merits and utility have been acknowledged by all the major literary figures. Renaissance Criticism: With the advent of Renaissance, the critical curiosity accelerates and the enquiry of the antique Greek and Roman founders of creative and critical business also enlarge the horizons of learning. The term Renaissance is described as the birth of the modern world out of the ashes of the Dark Ages; as the discovery of the world and the discovery of man; and the era of the emergence of untrammeled individualism in life, thought, religion and art. In Renaissance England, critical thought evolves swiftly through four successive stages. The preliminary phase is the critique of style and language of classical rhetoricians; the second is the effort to introduce the ancient practitioners’ meters in the English poetry; the third step is an attempt to defend the imaginative literature in the face of moralist puritans; and in the final stage, the critics try to expound their own rules and norms. Among these critics, the prominent ones are Sir Philip Sidney whose Apo logy for Poetry is indispensable in the history of criticism. Ben Jonson is anotherShow MoreRelatedHamlet and New Historicism795 Words   |  4 PagesNew Historicism is a modern literary theory that focuses on how events, culture, and places within a society influence a written work. New Historicists analyze allusions to characteristics of the time period in which the work was written. By definition, new historicism seeks to discover the significance in a text by taking into account the work within the construction of the established ideas and assumptions of its historical era. Literary texts are entrenched with historical context and the authorRead More Morgan, Morgan by Janette Turner Hospital1657 Words   |  7 PagesMorgan† by Janette Turner Hospital in a poststructuralist way using both New Historicism and Deconstruction. First, we will explore the tenants of New Historicism and apply it to the story, and then we will explore the tenants of Deconstruction and apply it to the story. The ideals of New Historicism were first outlined by Michel Foucault and later developed by Stephen Greenblatt. Foucault did not develop New Historicism; however, his philosophy and ideas formed the basis of the practice. As WarrenRead MoreLiterary Criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages This essay will discuss several literary criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. After skimming through several articles, I ended up with four peer-reviewed journal articles, each a different critical perspectives of the play: feminist, psychoanalytical/freudian, moral, and new historicism. My previous studies of Hamlet, as well as my rereading of the play this semester, has collectively given me a general knowledge of the text. My familiarity of the play made it easier for me to decipherRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 850 Words   |  4 Pages Biographical criticism New critics warns that the writer’s intent and the readers present mindsets doesn’t affect the meaning of the play, as it offers an experience like no other because it doesn’t offer a mimic of real life situation (Janik 165). 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These twin girls are actually mulatto, for Ogugua had borne the girlsRead More Feminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2628 Words   |  11 PagesFeminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: This essay employs Feminist Criticism, New Historicism, and Marxist Criticism, to analyze the portrayal of Queen Gertrude and Ophelia.    Because Shakespeares Hamlet centers on the internal struggle of the Prince of Denmark, the reader focuses primarily on his words and actions.   An often overlooked or under appreciated aspect of the play is the portrayal of the female characters, particularly Queen Gertrude and OpheliaRead MoreSeminar: Literary Theory Applied to H.P. Lovecraft-Notably â€Å"the Beast in the Cave†6821 Words   |  28 Pagescentury.† In the following paper, I will explore his earliest work, â€Å"The Beast in the Cave,† a story written when he was around fifteen years old. I will explore its meanings and context through the lenses of reader response, deconstructionism, new historicism, and psychoanalytic analysis. Through these lenses of literary theory I hope to derive further meaning and understanding of this favored story as well as dismiss some criticism that has been leveled against H.P. Lovecraft. Each theoretical viewRead MoreContemporary Art And Artistic Practices146 5 Words   |  6 Pagescritics who focus their attention on the aspect of social usefulness of the art practices, characterized by an increase of art projects that emphasize participation, dialogue and community engagement to activate the public sphere attempting to offer new social models to live together; appear like a leitmotif along the theory and history of art of the 20th century. One of the focal points in the development of artistic practices during the 20th century has been directly related to the idea of autonomyRead MoreThe Queer Reading Of Nick Gatsby1537 Words   |  7 PagesAs insane as this sounds, I ve done the research. It s plausible. The idea isn t original; it was first proposed by Carlyle Thompson, a professor of African American and American literature at Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York. There s actually quite a bit of evidence to support it, just as there is to support the queer reading of Nick. Gatsby is described by Nick, his tanned skin and short hair look as though it were trimmed every day (Fitzgerald 50). The short hairRead MoreThe Importance Of The Discipline Of History1842 Words   |  8 Pagesmethodology for a historical understanding of the world, through his conceptualisation of combining contemporary sources and the critical analysis and comparison of these sources, along with the need for objectivity, not only changed the academic discipline of History but also shows why Leopold von Ranke is regarded as one of the greatest historians. Historiography is by no means a new development in the study of history. The various ages throughout history, and the historians who wrote about these ages

Romanesque And Gothic Design Of Stained Glass - 1487 Words

There are few things as beautiful and striking at looking up at a stained glass window with the sun light shining through and illuminating the vibrant and jewel tone colors of the individual pieces of glass that make up the window. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there was an explosion in the number of stained glass windows created for churches through out Europe and Britain. Of both Romanesque and Gothic design, the proliferation of stained glass was a result of a variety of causes. The evolution of of the technical techniques needed to create stained glass windows, architectural advancements and religious needs and desires all contributed to the growth of stained glass during the 1100s and 1200s. Stained glass is glass that is colored or stained by metallic oxides or glass that have been painted on and then fused in a kiln. To produce a stained glass window, the artisan would first draw a life sized sketch or cartoon of the window. The glass itself was made by combining sand an d potash at temperatures around 3000 degrees. While the glass was still molten, it was colored by adding small amounts of metallic oxide powders. Copper oxides produced green or blue-green shades, cobalt would create a deep, rich blue and gold was used to produce a red-wine or violet colored glass. The colored molten glass would then be blown and flattened into sheets. After the glass had cooled, the artisan would place the pieces on the cartoon of the window and crack the glass into roughlyShow MoreRelatedThe Stained Glass And Verticality Of Gothic Churches1346 Words   |  6 Pagesas destruction by many, but it helped to produce growth in Gothic architecture. Many of Christianity’s beliefs are reflected in different aspects of art. The stained glass and verticality of Gothic churches is a key change from Romanesque style churches. The Gothic church found creative ways to illustrate images of important events in history through tapestry. Even the general shape and desig n of the Romanesque churches versus Gothic churches show Christians values. The sculptures outside ofRead MoreSaint Brigid s Centre For The Arts1657 Words   |  7 Pagesvault in the 1st century BC. Romanesque architecture has characteristically elements: Semi-circular arch, Barrel vaulting of the nave, thick buttress walls and Gothic architecture has three elements which came together in Gothic period: Pointed arch, Ribbed vault and Flying buttress. Among Architecture terms, a vault is an arch- shaped structure used to provide an enclosed space with a ceiling or roof of a building and is a unique element to analyze which architectural design was in history. There areRead MoreEssay about The Medieval Synthesis in the Arts 1023 Words   |  5 Pages(1000-1300) thirteen century Gothic Church. The Chartres Cathedral Church is one of the most important in France. After a fire in 1134 destroy the town of Chartres the west front of the cathedral. 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Although the term Romanesque began with architectural innovations, it also refers to the same period encompassing sculpture, painting and other arts. As discussed by Kloss (2005) one of the earliest Romanesque churches, the Abbey of Saint-Etienne (begun1067) dedicated to Saint Stephen in Normandy, France was built by William the Conqueror. This isRead MoreGothic Cathedrals, Compare and Contrast Two846 Words   |  4 PagesGothic Cathedrals The Gothic style has been the root for some of mankind’s most beautiful works of art. It was introduced by the Romanesque style of building. Romanesque style only lasted for nearly one hundred years before the Gothic style replaced it entirely. Abbot Suger was the founder of the Gothic style. One great form of Gothic architecture was the Notre Dame de Chartres cathedral that was built in France between 1145 and 1513. 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Merger Theory

Questions: A.Discuss the Synergies / lack of Synergies arising from the Merger. For data before the Merger, use data from 2010 to 2013. To evaluate the effects of the Merger, use data for 2014 and 2015. B.Test if the Merger Theory [PV (Acquirer) + PV (Target) PV (Combined Firm)] is supported by this Merger. Use the data periods specified in part a. Note: PV (Firm) refers to Market Capitalization. C.Evaluate the failure of the Merger from the perspective of Coopers and Lybrand. Answers: Overview: A.In this competitive era, the companies have been striving hard to remain competitive with their competitors. This is done with the objective of maximizing the value of share and maximizing the value of the organization as well. In respect to the smartphone companies, Google is the largest supplier of the operating system. On the other hand, apple is a standalone company and the smartphones and the operating system are produced by them only. Due to the expansion of the global market in the smartphones, it was realized by Microsoft that it would lose in the figure. In regard to this, a new strategy was initiated by the company to break into the market. The merging together with the products of Nokia on the phone assets was announced by the company on 3rd September, 2013. The merging was done with an amount of US $ 7.9 billion. A synergy is created as a result of merging of the companies which signifies that the resources of both the companies are combined for the development of the new product and the enhancement of the existing product. The entity is able to gain market power due to merging and it also leads to the diversification of risk and quick entrance into the new industry. It also leads to the high price earnings ratio, internationalization of transactions and economies of scale (Marie 2013). Synergy in more than one organizations: When the two businesses or individual come together then it leads to the creation of value which exceeds the vale when the entity works or function independently. This is nothing but synergy. It can also be said that the value of the product produced after merger is more than the value of the product which was produced independently. The merger of Nokia and Microsoft leads to the creation of the synergy and the synergy was in the form of the vertical production which would limit the cost of production and economies of scale which would save millions dollars and also leads to the diversification of investment (Honghua and Juan 2014). Economies of scale: Economies of scale is the first synergy of merging. It was mentioned by the Microsoft that synergy would let them save costs of US $ 600 million. The fixed cost is spread over the large volume of output as per the economies of scale theory. This means that selling the products to the consumers relies on the large volume of output. Before the merger, the Nokia was selling the smartphones at US $ 10 per unit as compared to the selling price of Microsoft which stood at US $ 40 per unit. The cost savings are foreseen by Microsoft due to the adoption of this strategy. Economies of vertical integration: Economies of vertical integration is the second synergy. The organization which is acquiring is able to control the raw material output as a result of the international transactions or the vertical integration. As mentioned by Dhar Dhar 2013, the theory coincide with the forward and backward integration. Rather than inventing the smartphones, it would be suitable for the Microsoft to merge with Nokia because development process of smartphones is a long time process and cost are also high. The Microsoft would also lose the market in terms of sales due to high costs. Nokia which produces tablets, smartphones would be merged with the Microsoft to reduce the amount of time to develop the smartphones (Westfall 2015). Merging would help the Microsoft in tremendously reducing the time taken for the research and development. Integration with Nokia help the Microsoft in directly developing their operating system and breaking the barrier of the market which they are facing. Diversification: Diversification is the third synergy and it is regarded as the dubious reason. This is so because the Microsoft is regarded as the company which is cash rich but when it comes to the stagnant company, the diversification is mainly for the purpose of diversifying their investment. For the individual stockholders, diversification is considered to be easy and cheap as compared to the stockholders. If the shares of the company drives interest of the stockholders, then he or she would purchase the shares form the stock market (Microsoft News Center 2013). The Microsoft would be overtaken by the companies such as Apple ios and Google Android and Microsoft would face tough competition from this. As a result of this, the company is looking forward to the diversification in the market of smartphones and remain competitive in relation to its rivals. Microsoft would be able to catch up with its rival if the resources between the Nokia and Microsoft are fully utilized and the strategy is properly implemented. 2012-2013 Sales revenue: The sales revenue of the Microsoft in the year 2012-2013 witnessed a steady growth rate annually but there is a yearly decline in the sales revenue of Nokia and the contribution of Nokia towards the sales revenue is reflected by the figure. Nokia has been producing the phones since 1984, which was the beginning of the era of the phones. The reason why Nokia did not make into the market of the smartphone was given by the conference paper which was conducted by the Bouwman and his team, who made the analysis that the primary reason attributable to this was that in the technological system, Nokia did not strongly position themselves (Bouwman 2014). The smart phones producing companies such as Apple and Samsung managed to introduce themselves by bringing the first smartphones to the consumers in the world due to the weak position of Nokia. This was done either by using the iOS developed by Apple or android developed by Google. Nokia was losing its market share and there was a drastic fall in its market share as it faced strong competition from these two competitors. This also resulted in the lower sales revenue. Graph 1: (Source: created by author) Aftermath of merging- After the devaluation of the asset of Nokia by the third quarter of 2015, Microsoft reported a net loss of US $ 7.5 billion. Due to the poor sales of the smartphone on top of devaluation, Microsoft intends to cut about 78000 jobs in the company. Microsoft has devaluated its assets by US $ 7.5 billion due to lack of synergy. The amount is US $ 0.4 billion less than the amount spend to buy over Nokia (Singh 2014). The poor performance of sales is the factor which is attributable to the huge loss suffered by Microsoft as it tried to compete with its rival such as Apples iOS and Googles Android. The failure of merging was mainly because of the poor performance of sales which resulted in the lack of synergy. Lack of core competencies, analysis of the industrial environment also suffered shortage and the shortage of resources were the factors responsible for the lack of synergy. Resources shortages: Tangible and intangible assets can be referred to as the resources and it could be in various terms such as equipment, human resources, and technological, reputational resources of company, financial instruments and innovation resources. Tangible assets has got it limitation but it generates income for the company and is fixed. The company is able to attain the core competencies and capabilities due to its intangible assets and it is something which is not visible. The core advantage given by the intangible assets is that the competitors would not be able to duplicate it. It is unique to the organization and the value generated by it is far more than the value generated by the tangible assets. One of the things that is vital and crucial to the capabilities and core competencies of the Microsoft is the innovation resources. This was the thing which Microsoft is lacking. With the expansion of the market on global level, the competitors enter the market seeking to gain competitive advantage. Apple and Google was well aware of the fact that in the 20th century, mobile phone is the leading vessel and in light of this fact, they collaborated with the organizations such as Samsung and Apple which produced smartphones. Microsoft was not able to compete in the smartphone market and fell behind due to the lack of innovation resources. This made the barrier to entry very difficult. Lack of industry environmental analysis: The analysis of industry environment is very fundamental as it helps in the analysis of the industry which the organization is seeking to enter into. The reason of Merging of Microsoft with Nokia was that it wanted to compete with the leading organization such as Apple and Google by breaking into the market of smartphone. The analysis of industry is done by using the Michael Porters Five forces. Since the Apple and Google are the leading developer of the softwares for the smartphones, Microsoft was posed with a great challenge. This was depicted by the competitive rivalry bucket (Teixeira 2015). Apple produces their own bucket and the smartphone producing companies such as Sony, Samsung have contract signed with Google for using their operating system and due to this the buyer bucket is low. Since the consumers are only using the operating system of Google and apple, the substitute is also regarded as low. For example, the blackberry has specialized features on setting emails which provides the flexibility of amending the settings. Unless the product of Microsoft would give special features like Apple and Google does. The students graduating from the University are able to come up with the organization they would like to choose under the Suppliers bucket. It provides them with the option of to work in the field such as Apple, Google and Microsoft as well. The organization would be able to achieve the product of high value if the are able to attract the employees who are highly skilled and utilizes them successfully. The last bucket is the threat of new entrant and this views the companies which are new in producing the smartphones or the development of the operating system. Lack of core competencies: One of the thing that helps the company in getting core competitive advantage are the core competencies which are primary drivers. Since it is developed through the process of deploying the capabilities and resources and is developed over time, which make it different from the other competitors. As the organization evolves and manages the resources, the core competencies also gets changed which becomes unique to the organization itself (Blandford 2012). As the consumers switched over to the other product, the innovation which Microsoft did in the core competencies lose out to the Googles android. The use of iOS and Android over the operating system of Window. As each passing day, the use of smartphone, the position of Microsoft was becoming weaker and on the other hand, smoother and better features of the operating system was developed by Google and Apple (Honghua and Juan 2014). 2014-2015 Sales revenue and net profit: Microsoft experienced growth in the sales revenue at an average of 10% after merger with Nokia. However, Nokia continue to experience a drop in the sales revenue but the drop in the year 2013 was comparatively less than 2012. The trend line become less steep in this year. Graph 2: (Source: created by author) The net profit of Microsoft, however dropped by US $ 9.9 billion and Nokia also witnessed a drop in the net profit in the year 2015 (Alcacer et al. 2014). Graph 3: (Source: created by author) Summary: It can be concluded form the case study that the merger was a fail strategy. The major reasons attributable to the failure of the merger was lack of resources, lack of innovation and lack of analysis of environment of industry. Microsoft came up with the strategy of merger to remain competitive in the market as it was losing out in the smartphone market. The strategy adopted could have been good but Microsoft has missed the boat to enter in the smartphone market. B. 2013: Combine value of Microsoft is equal to PV (Target) + PV (Acquirer)= Nokia (US$30B) + Microsoft (US$310B)= US$340B. The market capitalization as on 31st December, 2013 was US$342. This indicates that the combine value of Microsoft and Nokia is lower than the market capitalization by US $ 2 billion. The net advantage as a result of merger is US $ 2 billion. 2015: Combine value of Microsoft is equal to PV (Target) + PV (Acquirer)= Nokia (US$28B)+ Microsoft (US$440B)= US$468 Billion. The market capitalization as on 31st December, 2015 was US $ 478 billion. This means that the combine amount of Nokia and Microsoft is lower than the market capitalization by US $ 2 billion. The net advantage resulting from merger is US $ 11 billion. Comment: The net advantage form merger are negative for both the year. It can be said that the total combine value is lower than the market capitalization. Therefore, it can be concluded that synergy resulted in the loss rather than benefitting and ultimately leading to the failure of merger. C.The attitude of the management of the target company and the difference in culture is attributable to the reason of the failure of merger. Another reason of the failure of the merger is the lack of the sufficient knowledge of the industry by the organization which is acquiring (Abol 2015). The acquiring companies might not have the core competencies to attract the target audience. Some other reasons are the poor management by the target such as the working attitude of staffs and the structure of the organization. All this in turn contribute to the failure of the organization being merged or willing to merge. References: Abol, S.M., 2015.Cultural perspective of acquisitions between Microsoft and Nokia in Kenya(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Alcacer, J., Khanna, T. and Snively, C., 2014. The Rise and Fall of Nokia.Harvard Business School Publishing. Blandford, R., 2012. Understanding Nokia's smartphone strategy decision.Retrieved June,12, p.2014. Bouwman, H., 2014. How Nokia Failed to Nail the Smartphone Market. Belgium, Econstor. Dhar Dhar, 2013. Two Case Studies in Mergers and Acquisitions: Why Some Succeed While Others Fail?. [Online] Microsoft News Center, 2013. Microsoft to Acquire Nokias Devices Services Business, License Nokias Patents and Mapping Services. [Online] Honghua, Q. and Juan, C., 2014. An Analysis on the Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) between Microsoft and Nokia from the Perspective of Patent Information: a Comparative Study.Journal of Intelligence,2, p.012. Marie, A., 2013 Strategic Analysis of Nokia Corporation.An undergraduate student journalVolume 3, p.59. Singh, N.P., 2014. Microsoft Acquired Nokia in Unipolar Operating System Market.Independent Journal of Management Production,5(3), pp.598-622. Teixeira, D.F.P., 2015.Microsoft-Nokia: stategy and valuation(Doctoral dissertation, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gesto). Westfall, C., 2015. After the MA Boom: now comes the hard part: chief financial officers, treasurers, chief accounting officers and other financial executives around the globe will be dealing with the hangover from an merger and acquisition binge that shows little signs of slowing.Financial Executive,31(2), pp.40-46.

Strategic Management Issues in Woolworths Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management Issues in Woolworths Company. Answer: Title of the Project Title of the current project is to analyse the Strategic Management Issues in Woolworths Company. Statement of the Problem In the developing period of globalization, it has been watched that online business is considered to fill in as an extraordinary test for vital administration. It has been watched that web is modifying courses in which providers, shoppers alongside correspondence among associations and it is rolling out improvement in ways associations work inside. Because of expanding significance of key administration inside organizations, it has been assembled that key administration is basic to be utilized inside late business alongside actualizing the same for achieving upper hands (Ambrosini, Jenkins Mowbray 2015). Rearrangement of fitting issue administration will likewise be guaranteed in the ebb and flow investigate that may encourage in creating open arrangement improvement that incorporates campaigning and crusading partners with a specific end goal to change observations or states of mind in regards to a business issue. Issus are essential for the organizations for this may be disrupted yet in addition since it may have genuine concerns and may impact on an organization's image value and assets for a broadened span. Research Aim and Objectives The aim of the recent reaserch is to evaluate the strategic management concerns within Woolworths Organizaion. The objectives of the recent research is explained below: To evaluate relevance of strategic management within Woolworths Company To analyse the approaches of strategic management to get implemented within Woolworths Company To analyse certain stateic management concerns within Woolworths Company Analyse the concerns dealt by Woolworths Company in implementing appropriate strategic maanagement Research Methodology: Research Approach As the current research examines research focuses on evaluating key administration issues confronted by Woolworths Company, the analyst has associated the deductive approach to manage coordinate the investigation. Moreover, the positivism hypothesis is particularly related to quantitative data examination, in which the data aggregated has been evaluated with the help of the past examples and existing models and exhibited realities (Armstrong Taylor 2014). Thusly, deductive approach has been considered as the most relevant one for accomplishing the genuine delayed consequences of the investigation contemplate. Research Philosophy The present research intends to examine the impact of working troubles of the item test/quality affirmation with respect to vital administration issues confronted by Woolworths Company. Along these lines, in the present case, the authority has attempted to research the troubles stood up to by the specialists in plotting new programming by keeping up pervasive quality. Research Design The research inquire about investigate has focused on analyzing the working challenges of the key administration issues confronted by Woolworths Company to track the route in which the pined for target can be settled. Along these lines, the flow look into investigate similarly contains an unequivocal depiction of the components influencing the quality assertion in the vital administration issues confronted by Woolworths Company (Balaman 2016). Information Collection Process Data is measured as the essential need to certify the achievement of an investigation consider, where the social occasion of sensible data relies upon the character of study and the target results to be proficient. In such way, it is communicated that data could be orchestrated as basic and discretionary data. The optional data are generally gotten from the assistant sources, which fuse books, journals and destinations to understand the hypothetical conditions and imperative presentation. Sampling and Sample Size Sampling is the technique, in which the concentrated on respondents for the investigation consider are browsed a greater people. Testing enables the expert to pick the most relevant wellspring of fundamental data to blend huge information, which facilitates the examination focuses and objective. It has been reviewed that quantitative examination needs reasonably more noteworthy example size to secure and research the responses of the respondents. Thusly, 31 chiefs of Woolworths Company have been decided for examining their responses. Data Analysis The information has been surveyed with the help of various illustrative techniques. In such way, it is communicated that effective decision of explanatory frameworks is basic to achieve fitting and significant conclusion (Bergh et al., 2014). Data Collection Techniques There are generally three types of data collection techniques namely qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methodology. However, mixed research methodology is used in the current research and is deemed suitable for the reason that it facilitates in explaining and interpreting the research results in a detailed manner (Bergh et al., 2014). This helps in exploring certain phenomenon, provides as a theoretical perspective along with addressing research questions and theoretical perspective of the current research at several levels. References Ambrosini, V., Jenkins, M. Mowbray, N. eds., 2015.Advanced strategic management: A multi-perspective approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Armstrong, M. Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Balaman, ?.Y., 2016. Investment planning and strategic management of sustainable systems for clean power generation: An -constraint based multi objective modelling approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,137, pp.1179-1190. Bergh, D.D., Aguinis, H., Heavey, C., Ketchen, D.J., Boyd, B.K., Su, P., Lau, C.L. Joo, H., 2014. Using meta?analytic structural equation modeling to advance strategic management research: Guidelines and an empirical illustration via the strategic leadership?performance relationship.Strategic Management Journal.